Footwear Related Laws and Legislation

• Protection of intellectual property rights

• Consumer health, environmental protection (restrictions on chemicals in footwear)

• Product composition and labeling requirements

• Personal protective equipment (workwear)

• Product safety and quality

These laws and legislation require third-party testing of footwear to ensure the products meet all the requirements. 

You should be aware that requirements may be different for footwear designed for children or for the workplace, compared to footwear intended for the average adult consumer. Additionally, different agencies are usually responsible for specific aspects of the legislation.

Each country has its own agencies to oversee these directives and the necessary footwear testing requirements. For example, footwear compliance requirements for the United States fall under the following agencies and departments:

Agency	Scope
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)	Children’s footwear; hazardous substances
Customs and Border Protection (CBP)	Country of origin for most imported products
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)	Labeling
Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA)	Protective footwear
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)	Organic claims

Protection of Intellectual Property Rights for Footwear and Clothing Brands in Europe

The European Observatory on Infringements of Intellectual Property Rights and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) are the watchdogs for illicit trade in counterfeit goods. They monitor all forms of transport shipping goods into the EU, from small parcel services to container services.

Counterfeit footwear is among the top-ranking illicit goods seized by European customs departments, and numerous court cases have been brought against those importers over the past few years.

Product Composition and Labeling Requirements

Testing Fiber Authenticity

Product labels, especially for clothes, shoes and other items that will come in close contact with the skin must contain accurate information about the composition of the materials used in the product. Natural and synthetic fibers must be differentiated and labeled as such, especially for leather, cotton, wool, silk, linen, nylon polyester and others.

What Are Footwear Testing Methods?

1. Impact Resistance

This test determines the strength of the footwear’s toe cap and its resistance to a weight being dropped on it. Testing is carried out in stages, and the clearance space remaining in the cap after the drop tests is measured. The following standards are part of the test:

• Atmospheric conditions
• Shape of the striker
• Amount of weight
• Distance weight is dropped
• Velocity of the drop
• Force of impact

2. Compression Resistance

A secondary test for the toe cap that determines the shoe's capacity to protect the toe area from heavy rolling objects (compression). The toe cap area is compressed between two plates at a predetermined rate of speed and force, then the clearance space remaining in the cap is measured.

3. Metatarsal Protection

Up from the toe area on the top of the foot are the metatarsal bones. Protection of this area in safety shoes uses either internal or external metatarsal guards. Testing the footwear for metatarsal protection is done by fitting a wax form into the footwear, after which a weight is dropped onto the protected metatarsal area. The height of the wax form is then measured.

4. Puncture Resistance

This test determines the strength of steel or puncture-resistant material in the outsole of protective footwear, which is designed to prevent sharp objects, such as nails, glass or metal, injuring the foot. The test is carried out by forcing a sharp steel pin into the footwear, measuring the force and speed of the pin. The test includes testing the protective material for flexibility and corrosion resistance.

5. Electric Shock Resistance

This is for testing footwear specifically designed for protecting the wearer from electric shock. The testing is carried out by placing the footwear on a metal platform (electrode) and filling the shoe with small metal spheres, among which another electrode is placed. A high-voltage current is applied to the footwear for a certain period, and resistance or leakage is measured.

6. Static Dissipation

Footwear designed to reduce the risk of conducting a charge of static electricity from the body to the ground is tested with a static dissipation standard. The footwear is either worn by human subjects, or metal spheres are placed inside it, after which the shoe is put in contact with an electrode plate. Wet and dry conditions are tested with a specified voltage applied for a specific period of time.

7. Conductivity

This is for testing footwear that’s designed to discharge static electricity from the wearer’s body through shoes into grounded floors. This kind of footwear is used in workplaces where the risk of igniting volatile chemicals or explosives is dramatically reduced. The conductivity test is carried out by placing the footwear filled with small metal spheres on an electrode plate.

A second electrode is placed among the spheres and a voltage is applied for a specific time to measure the electrical resistance.